CLUSTERS AS ENGINES OF SUSTAINABLE EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN ROMANIA

The imperative for sustainable growth has elevated clusters as pivotal tools for economic and social inclusion, fostering job creation, equitable income distribution, and regional competitiveness. A cluster comprises interrelated companies and institutions in close geographical proximity, establishing expertise and a robust network of suppliers and skills. Clusters enhance productivity and catalyze development by concentrating enterprises and labor within a unified framework, surpassing isolated firms in regional impact. This study aims to examine whether clusters act as accelerators of employment growth over time and space. Using Simple Linear Regression (SLR) to analyze data from the Romanian Association of Clusters (CLUSTERO) and the National Institute of Statistics (Tempo INS) for 2013, 2015, 2019, and 2022, we investigate the research question: Do firms within clusters, as defined by European Policy criteria, contribute to accelerating employment creation? Specifically, we assess whether the ratio of employment in clustered firms relative to total employment shows a positive trend over time. Findings reveal that clusters contribute significantly to employment growth, validating their function as a strategic asset in enhancing workforce specialization, economic development, and regional resilience. Policy recommendations underscore the need for inclusive growth strategies that incorporate sustainability to maximize cluster impact on social and economic objectives.

Cristina LINCARU - Dr, FeRSA, Department of Labour Market, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania. cristina.lincaru@yahoo.de, ORCID: 0000-0001-6596-1820

Gabriela TUDOSE - CS II, Dr., National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, INCSMPS, Romania; gabriela_tudose@yahoo.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3540-9987

Daniel COSNITA - President, drd. Romanian Cluster Association, dc@inpulse.ro

Speranța PIRCIOG - Dr General Director, National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania, pirciog@incsmps.ro, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0215-038X

Adriana GRIGORESCU - Dr., Full Professor in Management, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration (SNSPA), Bucharest, Romania/Full Member Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR)/ Associate Senior Researcher/ National Institute for Economic Research ”Costin C. Kiritescu” (INCE) – Romanian Academy, adriana.grigorescu@snspa.ro, ORCID ID: 0000-0003- 4212-6974

Vasilica CIUCA - Dr., National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, INCSMPS, Romania; vasilica.ciuca@incsmps.ro, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4687-6377

L52, R11, O18, Q56, J23

SMART CITY INITIATIVES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

In developing countries, cities are vying with each other to improve their infrastructure to attract business activities and become more efficient, effective, and sustainable. Against this backdrop, the 'Smart City Mission' is one of the flagship Indian government initiatives started in 2015. In order to provide people with a high-quality living, smart cities are the latest urban conceptions. It is the idea of combining different technologies to create sustainable and intelligent practices. However, the quantitative assessment of this initiative on urbanization in India is very limited. In this study, we assess the impact of smart city projects on urbanization, which is measured by city population size and city gross domestic product. The results show that the mission has a mixed effect on urbanization. Though it increases the size of the city's population, it does not promote city income. Therefore, implementing a smart city mission has to be done in the hinterland area along with the core area of a city. Finally, it discusses the challenges faced and their potential solutions. The results suggest several policies for making urbanization a success and making India a developed country.

Arshima KHAN - Symbiosis School of Economics, SB Road, Pune – 411004, Email: arshima.khan.2022@sse.ac.in

Sabyasachi TRIPATHI - Associate Professor, Symbiosis School of Economics, SB Road, Pune – 411004, Email: sabyasachi.tripathi@sse.ac.in

Jyoti CHANDIRAMANI - Professor and Director, Symbiosis School of Economics, SB Road, Pune – 411004, Email: jyoti.chandiramani@sse.ac.in

C10, I31, R11